Here is a simple transistor battery charger it can charge batteries up to 12v in series. It has an LED and a few parts.

To use it you must decide on a power supply voltage, current limit resistor, and number of cells. First to figure out what voltage to use you must know the total battery series voltage. Batteries in series their voltages adds up.

Battery series voltage(B1)	minimum(V1)	maximum(V1)
1.2v	6.5v	10v
2.4v	7.5v	11v
3.6v	9.6v	12v
4.8v	10.5v	13v
6v	12	15v
7.2v	13.2v	16v
8.4v	14.5v	18v
9.6v	15.6v	18v
10.8v	16.8v	19v
12v	18v	21v

Just pick a number of batteries in series that matches its output voltage. The power supply voltage must not go below minimum voltage or over the maximum voltage(as seen in the table above)

Now that we figured power supply voltage and battery count we must figure out the current limit resistor(R2). This charger will take 15 hours to charge. To figure out we need to know amp-hour of one battery. All batteries must have the same amp-hour rating. The current should be limited to ten times less than the amp-hour rating. So if it is 1000mAh the resistor should limit it to 100mA.

Amp-Hour rating:mAh
The calculated times small should be close to 10.

To use more than 10 cells multiply the number of parts. D1 is a standard 1A or higher rectifier diode. The charger should be turned off when it is done charger. The LED should change its state. Also, currents add up. The circuit originally came from ElectronicsYard

Today I began working on my Capacitor box. It’s value is in binary obtain from switches.

If you can’t get perfect Capacitance from each switch you can use multiple in parallel or series.

For capacitors in series the value is:

$$Ct=\frac{1}{\frac{1}{C1}+\frac{1}{C2}}$$

Both equations can have any amount of capacitors the variable Ct is the total Capacitance

For capacitors in parallel the value is:

$$Ct=C1+C2+C3$$

So far only one switch is mounted. Soon more it will be finished. Each switch is in parallel with the polarity the same. Below is a schematic of the Capacitance box. You may need to put extra capacitors in parallel so that the box is more accurate. Also I had to cut the wires so I can mount the switches. Each switch in the schematic has the binary value right by the switches

Accuracy calculator

See YouTube video

These parts are for the new and improved. Max. Voltage rating 25vdc.

This is a simple Arduino Binary Clock. It comes with a program that generates the script and uploads it to the arduino board. Part of the code isn’t mine only the part that allows you to get the time from the computer and configure the script to use it.

You can download the script maker program from here. You can get this same circuit diagram by opening the program with the /C parameter. There are a lot of command-line options to choose from to configure your Binary Clock. R1 through R13 must have a value that will limit the current enough that it will not break the Arduino or any of its pins. Its probably best to use a 1kilo ohm resistor.

program binclock_uno;

{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}
{$RESOURCE binclock_uno32.RES}
{This program will need binclock.ino added to the resource as ID 1 
and type "ARDUINO" You can use Resource Hacker to build binclock_uno32.RES file.
 The schematic is id 1 and type is "JPEG"}

uses
  SysUtils,
  graphics,
  jpeg,
  windows,shellapi,
  Classes;
const INSERT_POINT='//INSERT_POINT';
//To make the program use less memory and file size, we will use format type string constants
STRING_VAR='String %s = "%s";';
ARDUINO_PINVALUES:ARRAY[0..1]OF STRING=('LOW','HIGH');
DEFINE_INTEGER='#define %s %d';
DEFINE_STRING='#define %s %s';
BYTE_VAR='byte %s=%u;';
INO_PATH='%s\%s.ino';
var args,inofile:tstringlist;
res:tresourcestream;
i:integer;
st:systemtime;
exename:string;
herr:hinst;
rs1:longint;
arduino_exename,inocommand,inoname:array[0..max_path]of char;
tid:dword;
function GetConsoleWindow:hwnd;stdcall;external kernel32;
function ConsolePicture(id:integer):dword;stdcall;
//This thread draws the schematic onto the console window
var jpg:tjpegimage;
ConsoleCanvas:tcanvas;
res:tresourcestream;
r:Trect;
label loop;
begin
jpg:=tjpegimage.Create;
res:=tresourcestream.CreateFromID(hinstance,id,'JPEG');
jpg.LoadFromStream(res);res.Free;
consolecanvas:=TCanvas.Create;
consolecanvas.Handle:=getdc(getconsolewindow);
loop:
getclientrect(getconsolewindow,r);
r.Left:=0;r.Top:=0;
consolecanvas.StretchDraw(r,jpg);
sleep(5000);
goto loop;
end;

begin
args:=tstringlist.Create;
for i:=1 to paramcount do
args.Add(Paramstr(i));
exename:=extractfilename(paramstr(0));
if paramcount=0then begin
writeln('Usage:',exename,' /BIAS=OFFSET /MIDNIGHT /C /F=FILENAME /UP /UTC /24 /12 /LED=number /HBTN=ANALOG_PIN /MBTN=ANALOG_PIN /NBTN');
writeln('/UTC       Use UTC Time instead of localtime.');
writeln('/BIAS      Uses a custom timezone bias');
writeln('/12        Use 12-hour format');
writeln('/24        Use 24-hour format');
writeln('/LED       Sets the LED on position logic, 0 for cathode 1 for anode');
writeln('/MBTN      Analog pin for Minute button');
writeln('/HBTN      Analog pin for Hour button');
Writeln('/NBTN      Disable the use of buttons');
writeln('/UP        Automatically upload file to Arduino');
writeln('/F         The output script name(without .ino extension),if omitted it will be stored as binclock\binclock.ino');
writeln('/C         Brings up the circuit diagram for the clock');
writeln('/MIDNIGHT  Use midnight as the starting time instead of computer clock');
writeln;
writeln('Example: Use a LOW value on all digital LED pins and UTC Time and 24-hour format');
writeln(exename,' /UTC /24 /LED=0 /F=MyBinClock /UP');
write('Press enter to quit...');
readln;
args.Free;
exitprocess(0);
end;
if args.IndexOf('/C')>-1Then
begin
createthread(nil,0,@consolepicture,pointer(1),0,tid);
readln;
exitprocess(0);
end;
getsystemtime(st);
if args.IndexOfName('/BIAS')=-1then args.Values['/BIAS']:='00:00';
datetimetosystemtime(systemtimetodatetime(st)-strtotime(args.Values['/BIAS']),
st);
gettimezoneinformation(tz);
if args.indexofname('/F')=-1 then args.Values['/F']:='binclock';
createdirectory(strpcopy(inoname,args.values['/F']),nil);
res:=tresourcestream.CreateFromID(hinstance,1,'ARDUINO');
inofile:=tstringlist.Create;
inofile.LoadFromStream(res);
res.Free;
if(strtointdef(args.values['/LED'],1)<0)or(strtointdef(args.values['/LED'],1)>1)
then begin writeln('Invalid /LED value');args.free;inofile.free;
exitprocess(error_invalid_parameter);end;
inofile.Insert(inofile.indexof(insert_point),format(define_string,['LED_ON',
ARDUINO_PINVALUES[strtointdef(args.values['/LED'],1)]]));
inofile.Insert(inofile.indexof(insert_point),FORMAT(DEFINE_STRING,['LED_OFF',
ARDUINO_PINVALUES[Strtointdef(args.values['/LED'],1)xor 1]]));
if args.IndexOf('/UTC')=-1Then getlocaltime(st);
if(args.IndexOf('/12')>-1)and(args.IndexOf('/24')>-1)then begin
writeln('Cannot use both /24 and /12 parameters at the same time');
args.Free;inofile.Free;
exitprocess(error_invalid_parameter);
end;
if args.IndexOf('/MIDNIGHT')>-1then begin if args.IndexOf('/12')>-1then
st.wHour:=12 else st.wHour:=0;st.wMinute:=0;st.wSecond:=0;end;
if(args.indexof('/24')=-1)and(args.IndexOf('/12')=-1)then begin
writeln('Must have a hour format parameter');inofile.Free;args.Free;
exitprocess(error_invalid_parameter);
end;
if args.indexof('/12')>-1then begin
inofile.Insert(inofile.indexof(insert_point),FORMAT(DEFINE_INTEGER,['HOUR_FORMAT',
12]));
if st.wHour=0then st.wHour:=12;
if st.wHour>12then
 st.wHour:=st.wHour-12;
end else
inofile.Insert(inofile.indexof(insert_point),FORMAT(DEFINE_INTEGER,['HOUR_FORMAT',
24]));
inofile.Insert(inofile.indexof(insert_point),FORMAT(DEFINE_INTEGER,['ANALOG_HSET',
STRTOINTDEF(ARGS.VALUES['/HBTN'],5)]));
inofile.Insert(inofile.indexof(insert_point),FORMAT(DEFINE_INTEGER,['ANALOG_MSET',
STRTOINTDEF(ARGS.VALUES['/MBTN'],0)]));
if args.IndexOf('/NBTN')=-1then inofile.Insert(inofile.indexof(insert_point),
FORMAT(DEFINE_STRING,['BUTTONS_ENABLED','true']))else inofile.Insert(
inofile.indexof(insert_point),FORMAT(DEFINE_STRING,['BUTTONS_ENABLED','false']));
inofile.Insert(inofile.indexof(insert_point),FORMAT(BYTE_VAR,['hour',ST.WHOUR]));
inofile.Insert(inofile.indexof(insert_point),FORMAT(BYTE_VAR,['minute',st.wminute]));
inofile.Insert(inofile.indexof(insert_point),FORMAT(BYTE_VAR,['second',st.wSecond]));
inofile.SaveToFile(format(ino_path,[inoname,inoname]));
writeln('Script saved to ',format(ino_path,[inoname,inoname]));
if args.IndexOf('/UP')>-1then begin rs1:=sizeof(arduino_exename);regqueryvalue(
hkey_classes_root,'Arduino File\shell\open\command',arduino_exename,rs1);herr:=
shellexecute(0,nil,strpcopy(arduino_exename,stringreplace(arduino_exename,' "%1"',
'',[])),strfmt(inocommand,'--upload "%s\%s.ino"',[inoname,inoname]),nil,sw_showdefault);
if herr<33then begin
if herr=0then writeln('Out of resources')else writeln(syserrormessage(herr));
args.Free;inofile.Free;
exitprocess(herr);
end;end;
args.Free;
inofile.Free;
exitprocess(0);
end.

/* Filename binclock.ino
An open-source binary clock for Arduino. 
Based on the code from by Rob Faludi (http://www.faludi.com)
Code under (cc) by Daniel Spillere Andrade, www.danielandrade.net
http://creativecommons.org/license/cc-gpl

I modified the code a little bit so it can have
12-hour format and pin configuration.

By Justin Roeder

/* IMPORTANT NOTICE BEFORE ADDING THIS SCRIPT TO THE RESOURCE OF THE GENERATOR EXECUTABLE
YOU MUST REMOVE ALL OF THE LINES UNTIL YOU GET TO //INSERT_POINT
LEAVE //INSERT_POINT IN SCRIPT. THAT TELLS THE GENERATOR WHERE TO PUT THE VARIABLES.
IF YOU ARE JUST GOING TO UPLOAD THHIS SCRIPT TO THE BOARD, YOU CAN LEAVE THE CODE ALONE. 
*/
#define LED_ON HIGH //LED Bit on logic
#define LED_OFF LOW //LED Bit off logic
#define HOUR_FORMAT 24 //Change to 12 for 12 hour time
#define ANALOG_HSET 5 //defines hour set button pin
#define ANALOG_MSET 0 //defines minure set buttonpin
#define BUTTONS_ENABLED true //set to false to disable buttons
byte hour=0;
byte minute=0;
byte second=0;
//Start at midnight 00:00:00
//INSERT_POINT

int munit,hunit,valm=0,valh=0,ledstats,i;
void setup() {
//set outputs 
for(int k=1;k<=13;k++) {
  pinMode(k, OUTPUT);
}
//set inputs
pinMode(0, INPUT);
}
void loop() {

static unsigned long lastTick = 0; // set up a local variable to hold the last time we moved forward one second
// (static variables are initialized once and keep their values between function calls)
// move forward one second every 1000 milliseconds

if (millis() - lastTick >= 1000) {
  lastTick = millis();
  second++;
}
// move forward one minute every 60 seconds
  if (second >= 60) {
  minute++;
  second = 0; // reset seconds to zero
}
// move forward one hour every 60 minutes
if (minute >=60) {
  hour++;
  minute = 0; // reset minutes to zero
}

if (hour >=24) {
  hour  = 0;
  minute  = 0; // reset minutes to zero
}
if(HOUR_FORMAT==12){
  if(hour>12){hour=hour-12;}
  if(hour==0){hour=12;}
}
  munit = minute%10; //sets the variable munit and hunit for the unit digits
  hunit = hour%10;
  ledstats = digitalRead(0);  // read input value, for setting leds off, but keeping count
  if (ledstats == LOW) {
   for(i=1;i<=13;i++){
    
    digitalWrite(i, LED_OFF);}

  } else  {

  //minutes units
  if(munit == 1 || munit == 3 || munit == 5 || munit == 7 || munit == 9) {  digitalWrite(1, LED_ON);} else {  digitalWrite(1,LED_OFF);}
  if(munit == 2 || munit == 3 || munit == 6 || munit == 7) {digitalWrite(2, LED_ON);} else {digitalWrite(2,LED_OFF);}
  if(munit == 4 || munit == 5 || munit == 6 || munit == 7) {digitalWrite(3, LED_ON);} else {digitalWrite(3,LED_OFF);}
  if(munit == 8 || munit == 9) {digitalWrite(4, LED_ON);} else {digitalWrite(4,LED_OFF);}

  //minutes 
  if((minute >= 10 && minute < 20) || (minute >= 30 && minute < 40) || (minute >= 50 && minute < 60))  {digitalWrite(5, LED_ON);} else {digitalWrite(5,LED_OFF);}
  if(minute >= 20 && minute < 40)  {digitalWrite(6, LED_ON);} else {digitalWrite(6,LED_OFF);}
  if(minute >= 40 && minute < 60) {digitalWrite(7, LED_ON);} else {digitalWrite(7,LED_OFF);}

  //hour units
  if(hunit == 1 || hunit == 3 || hunit == 5 || hunit == 7 || hunit == 9) {digitalWrite(8, LED_ON);} else {digitalWrite(8,LED_OFF);}
  if(hunit == 2 || hunit == 3 || hunit == 6 || hunit == 7) {digitalWrite(9, LED_ON);} else {digitalWrite(9,LED_OFF);}
  if(hunit == 4 || hunit == 5 || hunit == 6 || hunit == 7) {digitalWrite(10, LED_ON);} else {digitalWrite(10,LED_OFF);}
  if(hunit == 8 || hunit == 9) {digitalWrite(11, LED_ON);} else {digitalWrite(11,LED_OFF);}

  //hour
  if(hour >= 10 && hour < 20)  {digitalWrite(12, LED_ON);} else {digitalWrite(12,LED_OFF);}
  if(hour >= 20 && hour < 24)  {digitalWrite(13, LED_ON);} else {digitalWrite(13,LED_OFF);}

}
if(BUTTONS_ENABLED){ 
 valm = analogRead(ANALOG_MSET);    // add one minute when pressed
   if(valm<800) {
   minute++;
   second = 0;
   delay(250);
  }
  valh = analogRead(ANALOG_HSET);    // add one hour when pressed
   if(valh<800) {
   hour++;
   second = 0;
   delay(250);
  }}
}

How to read the display?

Each column represents a digit. As seen in the circuit diagram. A led has a row number the top LED like D4 in x1Minute is 8 below it is 4, 2, and 1. To get the digit for the column just add the row numbers. Below this paragraph is my binary clock screensaver showing 05:56:10 is read on the screen.

I am going to leave the buttons out of the one I’m building. If you are doing this then use the /NBTN parameter. I will keep you updated

All programs are virus free. Some antivirus software might say its "suspicious" or a "Potentionaly Unwanted Program". Some of them rate them on what there code looks like no matter if theres a definition in the virus database. If any of them are detected any Antivirus I will zip the software with the password "justin" j is lowercase